Representations of Islam, especially in the Western world, have spread negative images of the religion such as in American mass media, Hollywood movies, or news outlets. These biased attitudes are deep-rooted in histories of colonialism and Orientalism. Orientalism is a way of seeing that imagines, emphasizes, exaggerates and distorts differences of Arab peoples and cultures as compared to that of Europe and the U.S. It often involves seeing Arab culture as exotic, backward, uncivilized, and at times dangerous. Portrayals of Muslims in American popular culture spread misconceptions about the religion throughout the world. The stereotypes associated with Muslims include terrorism, fundamentalism, and extremism. These stereotypes then encapsulate the impressions that people may have of Islam and Muslims and makes it difficult for them to view the religion as anything but the violent extreme religion it is portrayed as. After the September 11 attacks on the Twin Towers in New York by the...